How to Manage and Identify Arborvitae

White-cedar is a slow-growing tree that reaches 25 to 40 feet in height and spreads to about 10 to 12 feet wide, preferring a wet or moist, rich soil. Transplanting is fairly easy and is a popular yard specimen in the United States. Arborvitae likes high humidity and tolerates wet soils and some drought. The foliage turns brownish in winter, especially on cultivars with colored foliage and on exposed sites open to the wind. Specifics Scientific name: Thuja occidentalisPronunciation: THOO-yuh ock-sih-den-TAY-lissCommon name(s): White-Cedar, Arborvitae, Northern White-CedarFamily: CupressaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 2 through 7Origin: native to North AmericaUses: hedge; recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; reclamation plant; screen; specimen; no proven urban tolerance Cultivars White-Cedar has many cultivars, many of which are shrubs. Popular cultivars include: ‘Booth Globe;’ ‘Compacta;’ ‘Douglasi Pyramidalis;’ ‘Emerald Green’ - good winter color; ‘Ericoides; ‘Fastigiata; ‘Hetz Junior;’ ‘Hetz Midget’ - slow growing dwarf; ‘Hovey;’ ‘Little Champion’ - globe shaped; ‘Lutea’ - yellow foliage; ‘Nigra’ - dark green foliage in winter, pyramidal; ‘Pyramidalis’ - narrow pyramidal form; ‘Rosenthalli;’ ‘Techny;’ ‘Umbraculifera’ - flat topped; ‘Wareana;’ ‘Woodwardii’ Description Height: 25 to 40 feetSpread: 10 to 12 feetCrown uniformity: symmetrical canopy with a regular (or smooth) outline, and individuals have more or less identical crown formsCrown shape: pyramidalCrown density: denseGrowth rate: slowTexture: fine History The name arborvitae or tree of life dates from the 16th century when the French explorer Cartier learned from the Indians how to use the trees foliage to treat scurvy. A record tree in Michigan measures 175 cm (69 in) in d.b.h. and 34 m (113 ft) in height. The rot- and termite-resistant wood is used principally for products in contact with water and soil. Trunk and Branches Trunk/bark/branches: grow mostly upright and will not droop; not particularly showy; should be grown with a single leader; no thornsPruning requirement: needs little pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: brown; greenCurrent year twig thickness: thinWood specific gravity: 0.31 Culture Light requirement: tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; slightly alkaline; acidic; extended flooding; well-drainedDrought tolerance: moderateAerosol salt tolerance: lowSoil salt tolerance: moderate Bottom Line Northern white-cedar is a slow growing native North American boreal tree. Arborvitae is its cultivated name and commercially sold and planted in yards throughout the United States. The tree is identified primarily by unique flat and filigree sprays made up of tiny, scaly leaves. The tree loves limestone areas and can take full sun to light shade.Best used as a screen or hedge planted on 8 to 10- foot-centers. There are better specimen plants but it can be placed at the corner of a building or other area to soften a view. Many of the natural stands in the United States have been cut. Some remain in isolated areas along rivers throughout the East.

Methods to Do Research in Stocks and Evaluation of the Portfolio from Statistics Project

Essays on Methods to Do Research in Stocks and Evaluation of the Portfolio from the Financial Analysis Dimension Statistics Project The paper â€Å"Methods to Do Research in Stocks and Evaluation of the Portfolio from the Financial Analysis Dimension" is an informative example of a statistics project on finance accounting. Portfolio analysis is important in investments since it enables the investor to analyze risk and returns involved in any investment that they wish to undertake. Portfolio analysis is a systematic way to analyze the investment options that make up an association's business portfolio. In this report, we seek to dig deeper and analyze the stocks we identified in the previous assignment so as to make our recommendations known. The objective of the study is to be able to come up with investments that not only guarantee above-average returns but are also in agreement with the risk attitude of the investor as argued in Andreev, Kanto, and Malo (2007).   Our study will focus on the below portfolio structure consisting of the six stocks: Analysis of Results: Basing our analysis on each stock in AXKO, one is able to note that the existing securities have played a major role in the provision of the investment income (Kamdem, 2003). The six assets used in our calculation were able to deliver a growth rate which was more than 5 and give a minimum range of risk of 0.45. In analyzing the overall performance of each stock TLS proved to have performed best by contributing the highest returns followed by WOW, then ANZ, BOQ, QAN and finally DJs. All the other stocks except TLS made low returns and also a lower risk was involved. For one to be able to have excess returns, the amount of each weight assigned to each stock has to be increased. This model postulates that a given stock’s excess return is mainly dependent upon three factors which are as follows (Faff, 2004): Excess Market Return (EMR) Small Company Returns minus Big Company Ret urns (SMB) High Market-to-Book Company Returns minus Low Market-to-Book Company Returns (HML) Due to this some of the factors representing risk seekers and indicating neutral risk are relatively alike; this is quite evident on TLS which is the only stock that comes out as the best company in the optimizing portfolio. Under the circumstances at hand, the sum of all returns that are in excess and the controllable risk is also minimal (Estrada, 2011). The correlation matrix below shows clearly the price movement of the respective shares that are a relation to the AXKO market movement. In the portfolio, ANZ has got the highest position correlation 26.48 while DJs three-Factorowest correlation of 7.52. Conclusion: From the above analysis, one may come into terms that there are several methods to do research in stocks and evaluation of the portfolio from the financial analysis dimension. Telstra Corporation Limited at the overall level is found to be independent as assessed under this mod el. We can make safe predictions for this stock draw following conclusions about each of the stocks in our portfolio. It can also be noted that different returns and risk levels from all the companies lead to a varied level of portfolio performance. It is, therefore, necessary that the movement of various companies be monitored.

Back to School Free Essays

Learning, they say, is a continuous process. Whether one is in school, on vacation, in church, in a party or in the solitude of silence, learning takes place as long as an individual is responsive to the stimulus which kindles learning. Going back to school shall, however, always be an exhilarating experience for individuals like me who value college schooling as a sacred venture to gain steady foothold for a good future. We will write a custom essay sample on Back to School or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper briefly describes my learning profile, my perceived strengths which will tide me over a college course, the challenges that I need to hurdle to make the most out of my tertiary education and my special formula towards a successful college life. My Learning Profile From my previous readings, I have reason to believe that I am primarily an auditory learner. I learn best by listening to lectures, rather than by reading lecture hand-outs. Believe it or not, easy listening music usually complements my studying environment. I would like to believe that I am an extrovert. If I may expound, being an extrovert made me enjoy listening to lectures and speeches either with a small or big crowd. I love to share my opinion in the same way that I love hearing others’. The temperament that goes with this moderately extroverted personality may be described as one with a persistently fair activity level and predominantly positive moods. I am neither sensitive nor irritable. My Strengths The following qualities which I developed from home and from previous exposures in academic and extra-curricular activities will be of paramount influence if I were to be successful in obtaining a good college education. My experiences in dealing with people of various cultures made me flexible, sharpened my inter-personal skills and thought me the essence of teamwork. I am extremely thankful that my parents trained me to be self-motivated, well-organized, to have initiative, manage time well, and to act with integrity at all times. Schooling honed my problem-solving and critical thinking skills and endowed me with an entrepreneurial spirit. My Challenges The cliche that â€Å"patience is a virtue† is not yet rooted in my system. This is the greatest weakness that I need to strengthen so that I can get well adapted to college-level learning. My older friends told me that college is so much different from high school. I am starting to believe them. If the challenges I braved in high school did not seem to have developed my patience, I pray that I can invoke my inner self to help me bring out a whole lot of patience, for my own sake. I know I will be needing a lot of it now that I am in college and even more of it in the coming years. Another weakness that I need to address is my propensity to procrastinate. I have heard lots of accounts from college students that there are always so many things to do and less time to do it. I hope that I stop putting off for tomorrow what I can do for today. This way, I will be able to squeeze in all the academic requirements into my limited schedule. My Plan To be successful in college, I have devised a simple plan. This plan entails setting extremely high goals for myself. The rationale is that, even if I do not reach the goal I would have done better than being mediocre. To wit, my goal is to finish college on top of the class. My efforts will, therefore, be geared towards being number one. This means a lot of hard work, sleepless nights and patience. If I really do make it to number one, well and good. But if I do not, I may be number two, number three or even number 10, and this is not bad either. I would not aim for just a passing mark in college, because if I miss the passing mark, I would have failed since there is not much room to maneuver from merely passing to failing. Better said than done, however, setting higher standards mean harder work and lesser fun, as I would have to make advance readings for every new lesson. Reading in advance, according to research, will facilitate comprehension of concepts and theories during the class lecture better than those who did not read beforehand. Conclusion Taking this course made me both a better person and a better learner. I came to know myself better and this provided me important insight into the factors which will help me spell the difference between simply going to school and learning from school. Writing this paper propelled positive thoughts and critical thinking which enabled me to describe myself, my challenges and my plan the way I pictured them in my mind. The mere fact that I completed this requirement is proof that the course served its purpose in exploring the personal dimensions of education. While the world is a gigantic arena of learning experiences, school is always the best forum for scholarly input. Indeed, I am glad I am back to school. How to cite Back to School, Papers Back to School Free Essays Back to School: Education is very important. It determines what you can do in life. It concludes who you will become. We will write a custom essay sample on Back to School or any similar topic only for you Order Now President Barack Obama believes that education is vital and his domestic policy is still focused on education. Why does Barack Obama believe that education is so important to the United States? Why does Obama think education will make the U. S. more competitive? President Barack Obama addresses the target audience directly. The target audience is the students from kindergarten to the twelfth grade. There are two audiences; the main one is the students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia and the second audience is all the students across the United States. The audience verifies the way he directs the audience. He utilizes an informal style where he places himself at the same level as the students. Obama opens the speech with the line†Hello everyone – how’s everybody doing today? † (page 1 line 1). The language is quite simple and easy to understand. This is the language a six year old and an eighteen year old will comprehend. A very essential element in the speech is that Obama knows how to get the students to identify themselves with him. He doesn’t wish for the students to look upon him as a president; he would like them to see him as one of them, one of the students. It is important that the students recognize that he knows what they are going through. †I know that feeling. When I was young, my family lived in Indonesia for a few years, and my mother didn’t have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday – at 4:30 in the morning. (page 1 line 10 to 13). Barack Obama applies ethos. It makes him seem reliable and creditable. He appears to be more trustworthy to the audience because he shares personal experience with them. He includes them in his past by sharing a memory from his childhood. The importance of education to the United States is stated clearly in the speech. Obama states th at†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ if you quit on school – you’re not just quitting on yourself, you’re quitting on your country. † (page 2 line 63 to 64). He considers education to be fundamental for America. It is the future of the U. S. Education is a matter Obama has focused on for a long time. Even now during the election he is still focused on education, he considers that education will make the U. S. more flourishing and competitive. He knows it is not easy to do well in school and many students face challenges every day. Obama wants to encourage and inspire the students to do better. He illustrates the situations of three students Jazmin Perez, Andoni Schultz and Shantell Steve. All of them were in difficult situations and it was improbable for them to be thriving in school. Feature Article  Country School  Allen Curnow These three students are great examples of the American dream because they worked hard and never gave up. They wrote their own destiny. They formed their own future. Obama expects all students to work hard and never give up. He applies famous people who have succeeded through hard work because of the fact that they never gave up. To be successful is not easy it is one of the toughest challenges you will face. Obama clarifies that J. K. Rowling’s first Harry Potter book was declined twelve times before it was published. He exploits J. K. Rowling because she is someone numerous children and young people can relate to. She herself and the phenomenon Harry Potter is one of the greatest childhood memory of thousands of people. He phrases Michael Jordan’s famous quote â€Å"I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. † (page 4 line 130). This resembles success and failure. He comprehends to succeed because he knows exactly what it takes to fail. He has learned from each failure. And that is why he has succeeded so many times in his career. Michael Jordan is a basket ball legend. Millions of people look upon him with an enormous amount of respect. He is an ideal for anyone including all children and young people involved in sports. It is very easy for children and young people to relate to J. K. Rowling and Michael Jordan because they are who everybody admires and looks up to. Obama conveys that these two succeeded because they have failed and they have gained knowledge from each failure. He would like the students to comprehend that it is alright for you to make mistakes as long as you learn from each one. He knows that very few succeed the first time. Therefore the students must practice. Being successful is tough but Obama doesn’t want the students to give up when tougher times come along. He would like the students to try even harder. Patriotism is a crucial aspect in the speech because education is important for a nation’s competitive ability. Obama states that â€Å"†¦ don’t ever give up on yourself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country. † (page 5 line148 to 149). At this point in the speech the president concentrates on the students’ feelings. He accentuates the feeling patriotism. Pathos is thus applied. Obama employs this device because he wants the audience to recognize the importance of education. This is the most important object because no matter what you want to achieve you will need an education to get to your destination. The president utilizes rhetorical questions to engage the students and make them think. He would like a response from the students. These questions have the effect that the students will try to answer the questions and take a stand to what the president phrases â€Å"So today, I want to ask you, what’s your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a president who comes here in twenty or fifty or one hundred years say about what all of you did for this country? † (page 5 line 158 to 160). Education will help the students answer these questions. It is most important value in the speech and in Obama’s domestic policy. Many anaphoras occur in the speech. The president applies them to strengthen his points and sentences. On the second page line 39 to 45 anaphoras are employed â€Å"Maybe you could be a good writer – maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper – but you might not know it until you write a paper for your English class. Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor – maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or a new medicine or vaccine – but you might not know it until you do a project for your science class. † The president portrays the future options for the students though he emphasizes that you need to focus and pay attention in school in order to know your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know your strengths you will have a better idea of the possibilities you obtain. The students will know what direction would be better to head after high school. They have knowledge about what field they should look more into and focus on. Education is very important to the president because if the United States possesses the best education then great people will arise such as Mark Zuckerberg who founded Facebook, one of the biggest social networks. Nelson Mandela agrees with Barack Obama on the matter of education. He has stated †Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. † The most significant factor is that students take responsibility for their own education and work harder towards meeting their own goals. How to cite Back to School, Essay examples Back to School Free Essays Back to School: A Comparative Essay Walking back into school for the first time in years sent a rush of memories through my mind, from the tree I used to climb after school to the conversation that lead to the premature loss of my virginity and so much more. Surprisingly, my emotions lead me to something else altogether†¦looking at the dull concrete walls, iron laced windows and towering fences I realized; public school truly is a prison. Mind you, your average middle or high school may not have iron bars or shackles but you can â€Å"bet your bottom dollar† public schools and prisons are more alike than not. We will write a custom essay sample on Back to School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both include guards, gangs, crowded cafeterias with bad food, strict schedules determined by vociferous bells, signed documents in order to get in or out and only God knows who will get out alive. The only things somewhat cheery about my former schools are the student murals cracked and damaged by barbaric vandals. Every student gets the same sentence: three consecutive sentences of five years, three years and four years before you can be considered a productive member of society. You might get out early for good behavior, but you are probably more likely to end up with time added on. Thinking back to my time in the â€Å"Big House†; I always felt like a criminal. Between the IDs and hall passes it seemed like no matter where I went there was someone making sure I didn’t do something horrible. Getting sent to the torture chamber called â€Å"The Hole† for the most asinine things like having a pack of matches, a metal fork or even wearing a polo that wasn’t just the right shade of green. The Hole truly was psychological torture; a tiny room with no clocks (you’d drop your phone and watch in a box as you walked into the room), the temperature was permanently set to 50 ° degrees Fahrenheit. If a single word was spoken (without permission from the teacher) it gave you an automatic extra day in The Hole and you’d be marched into the musty cafeteria far too late in the afternoon to avoid socialization. Another way of getting sent to The Hole was to be caught out of class without your student ID†¦you could be on your way to your locker to get the ID and you’d be sent to The Hole for the rest of the day. Speaking of IDs, going back to school this past week, I got a taste of â€Å"the good old days†. Trying to get into my old high school was like trying to break into Fort Knox. Having to pull out three different forms of ID, they still rejected my entry. It’s almost funny how even though I’ve graduated, every employee I encountered somehow made me feel like a criminal-just like they did back when I was still a student. My first stop was my high school and I was told in order to enter the school (just to look around) I had to make an appointment a month in advance. After hearing that I desided to hightail it over to my old middle school, this proved just as fruitless. At the middle school I was finally able to speak to a vice principal who told me I could come back after school hours; my joy was short lived when he told me I could only walk through the echoing breezeway which I had already walked through to get to the administration office. For the last time in my life, I walked out of the school feeling loathsome and reprehensible, until I got into my car. As my engine hummed it hit me; I will never have to go back there†¦and I will never have to feel like a criminal again. Considering the fact that I don’t do anything illegal, I know I won’t have to face either form of incarceration again. Also, I will never make my future children suffer through public schooling or what I like to call â€Å"Prison Life Training†; instead, they will either be homeschooled or attend private school. I was so flabbergasted by my mistreatment I had to write where my pen lead me. All in all, prison, grade school, it’s all the same to me and regardless of which one a person is in; they both feel asphyxiating and confining. How to cite Back to School, Papers

Analyzing the Marketing Environment free essay sample

Introduction to Marketing | MKT2010 Instructor: Thomas Harper South University Online One of the current most talked about microenvironments is technology. The rapid changes in the world of technology as we know it keeps people guessing and waiting for the next new breakthroughs. In the auto market with gasoline, prices increasing almost by the minute smaller more fuel-efficient cars are in. In the world of communication, new high tech phones and data devices are what sell’s. The faster the device is or the larger the screen and more compact it is the faster people buy them. With today’s changes in technology, the sky is the limit. If it can be imagined it can be made. As the demand for more advanced high tech products hits the market, the demand grows even larger. Companies that manufacture such products have planned the next generation of each new product to keep the demand for these gadgets by advertising newer and better features. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing the Marketing Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Last year’s model may still be stored in a warehouse somewhere and this year’s model is being, advertised to hit the market in a matter of months. By saturating, the market with a particular product prompts the techno junkies to spend hundreds or thousands of dollars on that new model of cell phone computer or IPOD. Corporations depend on this so they promote sales to clear out warehouse to make room for the next big thing. In the auto world as the demand for smarter more technology advanced vehicles are, advertised the greater the demand is by the consumers. More people want the latest and greatest additions specifically young single people who work multiple jobs and need a vehicle that will give them 40 gallons to the mile or 500 hundred miles per tank. Young married couples are not to, be left out of the equation either. As we see advertised on TV the young couple with one or two children and a dog help to sell the idea that a specific model of car is what should, be driven to express the point that this car is what should be purchased because it is the right one to buy. In this advertisement, you have what every new married couple of wants a safe, good looking, and economical vehicle. Auto companies market this idea to this group of people to sell a particular type car. By showing, the dashboard with the built in GPS and other safety features people go to the show rooms to see all of the new technology. Taking a test drive to realize what the gadgets can do helps to make the sale. Cars and SUV’s are almost like home on the road these days they will accommodate most of our needs according to which extras are included when the vehicle is ordered. Each of the many automotive companies must know what the other company is doing to sell the customer their product. So they make specific changes to a type of technology in there vehicle. These changes can be similar but different in regards to placement and convenience. On the other hand it maybe a new; innovation for this model vehicle. One of the newer advancements sold by automakers is the hands free phone system. This system is not exactly supported by the government according to a, web article from intranet magazine The Week. â€Å"LaHood’s crusade against texting while driving was bad enough, but this draconian ban is ridiculous. It wont make roads safer — cell phone bans in three states didnt reduce accidents — its just the latest intrusion by the federal government into a matter better left up to the states. (Staff, 2010) However, many people who are responsible drivers would tell you that this feature is necessary. Having the ability to dial, answer and talk on your cell phone by voice control without using your hands is a welcome addition in this busy world of constant communication. Not having to hold the phone, dial and talk on it wh ile driving is very safe for drivers who understand the consequences. To push the point a little further as new, innovations make cars smarter they also demand that the driver be more, informed about how to use these improvements properly and safely. With any new product sold to the public trial and error will prove its reliability. If a new product or improvement to a specific car fails or causes the driver or its passenger to get hurt due to this failure. The rest of the automotive world will take note and take the necessary steps to change or repair the system that may be at fault if there, system works in the same fashion via the recall process. Once all of the changes are, made and the car is deemed, safe again. We may see a new automaker at the next years auto show featuring their new product with these improvements for this system. Thus, creating a new product that can be, marketed to the consumers may like the new changes. This type of market impact on a device of this nature may put hands free devices in cars back on the good list with those opponents of this sort of tech. As innovation changes new things are, learned each day. Change is a relevant fact and as the changers of innovation, we determine what changes we will use. Reference Staff, T. W. (2010, 10 18). The Week. Retrieved 5 7, 2013, from theweek. com: http://theweek. com/article/index/208298/banning-cell-phones-in-cars-the-governments-draconian-plan

Introduction for a new edition of Patti Smiths Just Kids

Introduction to Chinas May Fourth Movement

Introduction to China's May Fourth Movement The demonstrations of the May Fourth Movement (ä ºâ€Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ© â€¹Ã¥â€¹â€¢, WÇ”sà ¬ Yà ¹ndà ²ng) marked a turning point in China’s intellectual development which can still be felt today. While the May Fourth Incident occurred on May 4, 1919, the May Fourth Movement began in 1917 when China declared war against Germany. During World War I, China supported the Allies on the condition that control over Shandong Province, the birthplace of Confucius, would be returned to China if the Allies triumphed. In 1914, Japan had seized control of Shandong from Germany and in 1915 Japan had issued 21 Demands (ä ºÅ'Ã¥  Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ ¢ Ã©  â€¦, Èr shà ­ yÄ «gà ¨ tio xing) to China, backed by the threat of war. The 21 Demands included recognition of Japan’s seizure of German spheres of influence in China and other economic and extraterritorial concessions. To appease Japan, the corrupt Anfu government in Beijing signed a humiliating treaty with Japan by which China acceded to Japan’s demands. Though China was on the winning side of World War I, China’s representatives were told to sign away rights to German-controlled Shandong Province to Japan at the Treaty of Versailles, an unprecedented and embarrassing diplomatic defeat. The dispute over Article 156 of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles became known as the Shandong Problem (Ã¥ ± ±Ã¦  ±Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å', ShÄ ndÃ… ng Wà ¨ntà ­). The event was embarrassing because it was revealed at Versailles that secret treaties had been previously signed by the great European powers and Japan to entice Japan to enter World War I. Moreover, it was brought to light that China had also agreed to this arrangement. Wellington Kuo (é ¡ §Ã§ ¶ ­Ã©Ë†Å¾), China’s ambassador to Paris, refused to sign the treaty. The transfer of German rights in Shandong to Japan at the Versailles Peace Conference created anger among the Chinese public. The Chinese viewed the transfer as a betrayal by the Western powers and also as a symbol of Japanese aggression and of the weakness of the corrupt warlord government of Yuan Shi-kai (è ¢ Ã¤ ¸â€"å‡ ±). Infuriated by China’s humiliation at Versailles, college students in Beijing held a demonstration on May 4, 1919. What was  the May Fourth Movement? At 1:30 p.m. on Sunday, May 4, 1919, approximately 3,000 students from 13 Beijing universities assembled at the Gate of Heavenly Peace at Tiananmen Square to protest against the Versailles Peace Conference. The demonstrators distributed fliers declaring that the Chinese would not accept the concession of Chinese territory to Japan. The group marched to the legation quarter, the location of foreign embassies in Beijing, The student protestors presented letters to foreign ministers. In the afternoon, the group confronted three Chinese cabinet officials who had been responsible for the secret treaties that encouraged Japan to enter the war. The Chinese minister to Japan was beaten and a pro-Japanese cabinet minister’s house was set on fire. The police attacked the protestors and arrested 32 students. News of the students’ demonstration and arrest spread throughout China. The press demanded the students’ release and similar demonstrations sprung up in Fuzhou. Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuhan. Shop closings in June 1919 exacerbated the situation and led to a boycott of Japanese goods and clashes with Japanese residents. Recently-formed labor unions also staged strikes. The protests, shop closings, and strikes continued until the Chinese government agreed to release the students and fire the three cabinet officials. The demonstrations led to a full resignation by the cabinet and the Chinese delegation at Versailles refused to sign the peace treaty. The issue of who would control Shandong Province was settled at the Washington Conference in 1922 when Japan withdrew its claim to Shandong Province. The May Fourth Movement in Modern Chinese History While student protests are more common today, the May Fourth Movement was led by intellectuals who introduced new cultural ideas including science, democracy, patriotism, and anti-imperialism to the masses. In 1919, communication was not as advanced as today, so efforts to mobilize the masses focused on pamphlets, magazine articles, and literature written by intellectuals. Many of these intellectuals had studied in Japan and returned to China. The writings encouraged a social revolution and challenged traditional Confucian values of familial bonds and deference to authority. The writers also encouraged self-expression and sexual freedom. The period of 1917-1921 is also referred to as the New Culture Movement (æâ€" °Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"é â€¹Ã¥â€¹â€¢, XÄ «n Wà ©nhu Yà ¹ndà ²ng). What started as a cultural movement after the failure of the Chinese Republic turned political after the Paris Peace Conference, which gave German rights over Shandong to Japan. The May Fourth Movement marked an intellectual turning point in China. Collectively, the goal of scholars and students was to rid the Chinese culture of those elements which they believed had led to China’s stagnation and weakness and to create new values for a new, modern China.

Crisis Communication in oil & gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Crisis Communication in oil & gas - Essay Example 3.The main focus of the company at this stage needs to be to incorporate a crisis communication department into their system. The Director General will head the department. It will include a Manager of communication, with supporting junior staff. There will be a spokesperson, who will directly report to the Director General but will work in collaboration with Manager of communication. The other directorates will access the communication department through the Manager. 20 Crises are inevitable realities in business organisations for which the organisation management must learn to prepare. This research paper discusses the role of public relations units, with a specific focus on the oil and gas industry which plays a crucial role in the economic development of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Traditionally, most organisations use public relations at the forefront to control, manage and minimise the damage of crises to their business operations. Previous crises such as the BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill in 2010 and the Exxon oil spill of 1989 have demonstrated that Oil and Gas companies are not always transparent and they often experience great communication difficulties when crises occur. This study examines the significance of public relations activities in crisis management in the Oil & Gas industry in general and in the UAE in particular. It reviews four major Oil & Gas operators in the UAE that have faced crises recently. Those companies engage over 3000 employees, excluding contractors, and operate in more than 20 fields across the country. Using structured interviews and data analysis this study research discusses their crisis management philosophy, their systems and procedures, and how these are communicated and makes recommendations for improvements. According to the Webster New Collegiate Dictionary, a crisis is defined as ‘an unstable or crucial state or state of affairs whose outcome will make a decisive

Social Issues Regarding Digital Media in the Digital Age Research Paper

Social Issues Regarding Digital Media in the Digital Age - Research Paper Example As the paper declares the technological breakthroughs that been evidenced especially in the area of information and communication have had far-reaching consequences not only on the economic lives of individuals but also in the social behavior. Today, it looks like the oxygen people breathe is technologically purified. So much has been done with technology that its advantages remain to be challenged. On the same note, the myriad issues that have come along with this modernism have raised some social and ethical issues. According to the research findings the scholarly/academic meaning of the word ‘digital’ may differ from that which is known in the streets. In the ay today use, the word may be used to refer to social media or millennial technology that is commonly used by teens and youths for purposes of fun. Digital media has also been used to refer to all sorts of media that have visual capabilities. These terms and descriptions may not accurately represent the technical understanding of digital media. There are numerous examples of digital media starting from the most common one, the social media through video games, eBooks, digital audio, websites, digital videos to online newspapers and magazines. Currently, lots of people around the world use these myriad forms of digital media for fun, communication, jobs among others. The resounding transformation has been catastrophically felt everywhere around the globe.

4 levels of organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

4 levels of organization - Assignment Example From the organism, several organisms make up the population. A population, therefore, is a combination of more than one organism of the same species, mostly living in a particular place at one time. For instance, group wolves also known as pride are only made up of a particular species of wolves. Species have similar biological characteristics and can breed to produce a viable offspring. However, there are different species that may be located in different geographical locations. For instance, there are different species of wolfs such as gray wolf and red wolf. The difference in the geographical locations of the species can be because of factors such as climatic conditions, the threat to extinctions because of poaching among other. According to Chapman, a community is a combination of a different population of a diverse population and species. Most of than not, categorization of community is based on the manner in which different species interact. Within the community, different species depend on each other for survival for instance wolf will depend on deer for food as the deer will depend on vegetation for their source of

Migration From The Countryside To Cities Environmental Sciences Essay

Migration From The Countryside To Cities Environmental Sciences Essay The desire to increase income encourages people who live in rural areas to leave their lands and homes. This movement is called Urbanisation which means the migration from countryside to cities in particular in developing and poor countries. This terminology or buzzword emerges in Latin conference. It may be defined in different ways. MEDCs (more economics developed countries) and LEDCs (less economics developed countries), for example, have examined it in different ways. LEDCs have defined it as the encouragement of people who reside in rural areas to migrate to cities whereas MEDCs has defended it as a process of dysfunctional movement of people from country sides to large cities. In other words, urbanisation means disappearance of many aspects of life in areas which surround cities such as agriculture, as a consequence of the migration to large towns and cities. It may also be defined as Elliot (1999) says the movement of people from communities concerned chiefly or solely with ag riculture to other communities generally larger whose activities are primarily centered in government, trade, manufacture or allied interests(Elliot. J.A. 1999). The negative influences of this phenomenon have exceeded the positive effects. Therefore, most countries, in particular developed ones, have been attempting to reduce the population inside cities and towns. This step is responsible for maintaining sustainability for those countries particularly in the field of development. Sustainable development is known as the ability of an activity or development to continue in the long term without undermining that part of the environment which sustains it (SNH, 1993). In addition, it may be defined as the searching for high quality of living without affecting the environment (English Nature, 1993). However, there is a contradiction between urbanisation and sustainable development, because urbanisation has tremendous problematic effects on environment whereas sustainable development seeks to create healthy cities and towns. Urbanisation in all countries has many negative effects therefore there are a considerable number of policies have been suggested to deter these problems. This project will present two problems of urbanisation, lack of space and increasing private cars owners then will highlight some causes of it and finally will suggest three solutions in order to solve these problems of urbanisation. 1. LACK OF SPACE 1.1 CAUSES The prime reason behind peoples movement from rural areas to urban ones is that they seek higher living standards because they believe cities are more desirable than where they live. However, moving to cities without planning will cause many problems for both settlers and governments. Some troubles that may face squatters as a result of sudden and unplanned moving to cities are lack of basic living standards and pollution. 1.2 EFFECTS Because most migrants who desire to improve their income by moving to industrialised areas are poor and they cannot afford renting flats or buying houses, they will accept living anywhere even in ill developed places. As a result of this, settlers always reside in the edge of cities and it is known as shanty town. These settlements are always built in illegal ways therefore they lack of the basic elements of services such as water, sewerage system and health care (Bilham-Boult et al, 1999). In advanced countries or even in developing countries, governments usually attempt to build cities in modern ways by establishing great infrastructures. These infrastructures are built to present good facilities for people such as road networks, transportation and sewerage systems. Also one of these facilities is to connect houses with main sources of water by constructing pipes of water. However, as discussed earlier, most settlements are built randomly, thus they have access to these important facilities. Hence, squatters are required to pay for water carts and this will cost them a considerable amount of money and sometimes paying for water will be unaffordable for them because most settlers are poor. In Accra, for example, only 35 per cent of houses have been connected to water sources and 24 per cent use basic pipes whereas 28 per cent of citizens buy water from water vending carts (Bilham-Boult et al, 1999). Lack of pipes of water means lack of sewerage system, according to Bilham (1999) the pollution in shanty towns in particular the pollution in water has increased rapidly because some cities have no sewerage system therefore sewage is still drained directly to rivers and to main sources of water. Moreover, settlers build pits dug to gather the sewage into it, further, these pits dug may construct among the cities which responsible for bringing a huge numbers of bacteria and diseases for people who reside near it. 1.3 SOLUTIONS After discussing the main problems which may face squatters in shanty towns, the following paragraphs will point out some problems that may encounter governments due to urbanisation. Unplanned moving from country sides to cities causes many problems for governments because that requires construct new infrastructures or even builds new territories for new comers and this will be very costly. Furthermore, the demands to create jobs for squatters will take place because most squatters sale their farms and lands to help them shift from rural areas to urban ones. Another problem is that the necessity of establishing social services such as health care, education and transportation will rise as well. However, many solutions have been suggested to solve the problems of urbanisation. One of these solutions is that governments should encourage their farmers who live in rural areas to stay there by making all facilities which exist in cities available in countryside such as schools, health care centers and transportation. In addition, by making this step that will be very helpful to solve the problem of unemployment because that will increase the opportunities of migrants who desire to move to urban areas to find a job in their areas instead in urban areas. 2. TRANSPORTATION Another problem that may be increased due to urbanisation is the increasing of private cars owners. Therefore, the following paragraphs will examine the causes and effects of rising vehicle use. 2.1 CAUSES The most considerable cause of depending on private automobiles is the price because most cars companies have reduced the prices of the cars by making it very affordable. Hence, most people prefer buying cars rather than using public transportation because they believe using public transportation wastes time and money. Wasting time is due to the commuters are must walk from their homes and work to the nearest station and vice versa and they also spend a considerable amount of money because they must buy tickets for all travels even for small journeys. This was not only the reason of increasing the number of private automobiles, but the reasonable price of fuels also encourages people to purchase cars. Moreover, the price of fuels compare with the tickets prices of journeys seems to be much more affordable for people in particular for large families. However, the most significant reason beyond the reliance on cars is the shortage of public transportation. In many cities the rail networks and high ways do not cover all areas which surround cities. Therefore, most people are required to purchase cars particularly people who work away from the urban areas or people who live in rural areas and work in cities. In addition, some cities were built since 19th or early 20th century, thus they lack planning and good organisation which means they lack infrastructures. Because of this, it is very difficult for governments to rebuild and reorganise cities because that will cost the governments a huge amount of money. 2.2 EFFECTS As a result of increasing the number of private cars, many effects will emerge such as congestion, energy consumption, air pollution, noise, health and a significant number of accidents. However, the most important effect is air pollution because it is a consequence of congestion and energy consumption. Air pollution not only effects the environment of cities but it will also harm the health of people because it carries many emissions such as carbon dioxide. 2.3 SOLUTIONS Many solutions have been suggested to solve the problems of urbanisation. One of these solutions is to connect all areas which include the city itself and all areas surrounded it by one system. It may cost governments an enormous amount of money, but by taking this step public transportation will be more desirable than private vehicle. It will save time and money for commuters who move from place to place frequently. Moreover, issuing uniform tickets of buses and railway with affordable and reasonable prices will be a most grateful solution in particular for large families. This step will ease transferring between public transportation by establishing short distances of travelling. Finally, if governments want to reduce the number of cars they should raise taxes, parking fees and the price of fuels. This stage will encourage people to use public transportation. This encouragement also needs to create informative programmes to raise the awareness of people particularly in the harm of using private cars such as the pollution and the rapid increasing of accident rates. CONCLUSION The former paragraphs have stated the negative impacts of urbanisation in particular the problems of lack of space and the increase of private cars owners. A number of policies have been discussed by some governments which may be mainly helpful to solve the problematic negative influences of urbanisation. As discussed earlier, urbanisation has a great deal of harmful impacts, they could be exceeded its benefits. One of these negative effects is that most settlements are built randomly therefore they lack basic living standards as well as basic elements of services. One of these services is to connect those settlements by main sources of water. Therefore, when these shanty towns lack pipes of water that will lead to another problem which is lack of sewerage system. As a result of lack of sewerage system, sewage is drained directly to rivers and main sources of water which is responsible for bringing a huge number of bacteria and disease for squatters who live in those towns. Furthermore, these settlements are lacking to transportation because they were built in illegal ways which make governments unable to construct infrastructures in these shanty towns. In other words, if governments want to destroy these towns and rebuild it in modern ways that would cost them an enormous amount of money. This step may be unaffordable for some governments in particular for developing countries. This issue has led to another consequence, the lack of infrastructures encourages settlers use their own cars which lead to traffic congestion, air pollution then healthy problems for people who reside in shanty towns and surrounded areas. Moreover, the reasonable prices of cars and fuels encourage people to purchase private automobiles because they have already an illustration which says having a car will save time and money, but sometimes this illustration may be wrong. Hence, many countries attempt to reduce cars uses by encouraging people to use public transportation as the best way to solve the problem of air pollution and traffic congestion. To reduce cars uses, some solutions have been suggested; one of them is to connect all areas by one system of public transportation. This step may be very costly for some governments, but it will reduce the uses of private vehicles. Moreover, issuing a uniform ticket for buses and railways will make public transportation more desirable than using private cars. On the other hand, some solutions have been suggested to solve the problems of urbanisation in general. One of these solutions is to encourage people to stay in rural areas by establishing all the desirable facilities which exist in large cities such as schools, hospitals and public transportation in countryside. Also governments must produce informative programmes for those squatters who want to migrate from rural areas to megacities. For those people who want to continue searching in this area, this project recommends them to search how governments can set up informative programmes effectively to persuade migrants to stay in rural areas. BIBIOLGRAPHY Adams, W.M. (1999). Sustainability. In P. Cloke, P. Crang M. Goodwin (Eds.), Introducing human geographies (pp. 125-130). London: Arnold. Bilham-Boult, Blades, H., Hancock, J., Keeling, W. Ridout, M. (1999). People, places and themes (pp. 202-205; P. 208). Oxford: Heinemann. Elliot, J.A (1999). An introduction to sustainable development. London: Routledge. Newman, P. (1999). Transport: reducing automobile dependence. In D. Satterthwaite (Ed.), The Earthscan reader in sustainable cities (pp. 67-92). London: Earthscan Publications. UK Government. (2004). Sustainable development; the UK governments veiw. Retrieved October 10, 2004, from government website: http://www.sustainable-development.gov.uk

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Essay -- essays research

During the Renaissance, technology became more advanced and more available to the common public. The printing press was invented during this time. This invention made it possible for books to be published, not hand written. Ideas of the Renaissance were spread in some of these books and common people could own a copy of the bible. The weakening of the Roman Catholic Church, brought about by the Protestant Reformation, changed the way people felt about the church and its importance in their life. Then, because the church was not so dominating, people felt free to learn about new lands. During this time, technology became more advanced. Martin Luther started the Reformation against the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was German theologian and religious reformer, who started the Protestant Reformation and biblical scholar and linguist whose Ninety-five These, an attack on various ecclesiastical abuses, precipitated the Protestant Reformation. Basically, he realized that everyone is burdened by sin because it happens as a result of our weaknesses. He concluded that man could never earn ...

Away Essay Essay

Discoveries and discovering can offer new understandings and renewed perceptions of ourselves and others. This is evident in Away by Michael Gow which focuses on aspects of discovery including realisations within oneself which can uncover further perceptions of ourselves or others. Gow also includes concepts based on the idea that the recognition that death is inevitable forces people to discover the meaning of life. Emotional turmoil and heartbreak may be a catalyst for discovery and acceptance of a situation and similarly, it must be discovered that healing can occur through love and reconciliation. Realisations within oneself can uncover further perceptions of ourselves or others. During the play â€Å"Away†, Gow portrays Gwen as a distraught woman as she has a meltdown. This is as a result of her obsession with social status, wealth and material possessions which has turned her into a cynical, angry woman. Gwen’s initial realisation occurs when Vic, who saw a lost woman in Gwen, suggests a walk and uses the inclusive pronoun â€Å"us girls† to provide a gentle approach. Walking is used by Gow as a catalyst but also a metaphor for progress and change. The walk up the beach helps Gwen to realise the elements of life are more important than her concerns over wealth and after being unable to take the BEX powder, she is no longer able to find consolation in such simplistic solutions which implies that Gwen has come to the realisation for more sophisticated thinking. The BEX powder is a symbol for Gwen’s attempt to artificially create happiness. â€Å"I want to take it and I can’t†. Gow has expressed the discovery of Gwen as very confronting yet rewarding as these new perceptions of herself lead to new perceptions of her relationship with her family and others. The recognition that death is inevitable forces people to discover the meaning of life. Coral is battling with the loss of her son in the Vietnam War, which also portrays a controversial issue at the same time. Coral’s detached attitude to life clashes her ironic statements, such as â€Å"aren’t we lucky to live in such a rich country† and â€Å"there is a price to be paid of course†. The play within a play is a cathartic experience for Coral. â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking, I’m walking† is shown in a metaphorical and literal sense and symbolises the evident reconciliation with herself and for her son’s death. Tom has made a significant impact in Coral’s life which has caused her to change her perspective and reconcile with Her interaction with Tom  and the recognition that he will die allows Coral to overcome her intense mourning. Emotional turmoil and heartbreak may be a catalyst for discovery and acceptance of a situation. Harry and Vic are hoping the camping trip will help them overcome the shock of learning that Tom will die. â€Å"A few weeks just with ourselves. Just with you. It’ll be good.† Tom and his parents have accepted his inevitable death; however, there is still uncomfortableness between them in some situations. â€Å"Harry: when you’ve got your own family- Tom: do you want a drink or not?† In this scene, Gow uses the pause in Harry’s dialogue to the show the tension which has been created. Their tent symbolises their social status but also their lack of concern for material possessions as they are more focused on improving their relationships and spending time together. This makes them a happier family than the other two presented in the play. It must be discovered that healing can occur through love and reconciliation. Roy has been in conflict with Coral over her â€Å"strange† behaviour as he feels it is affecting his professional standing in the community. After losing a son in the Vietnam War, Roy has been impacted deeply but has, however, moved on whereas Coral is weighed down with a continuing grief which has caused struggle within the relationship. â€Å"Do you want me to arrange shock treatment?† Roy is obviously irritated with Coral’s detached and â€Å"ghostly† behaviour but it is not until Coral discovers reconciliation that she finds her happiness. During the dumb show, there is a visual representation of reconciliation as Roy buries his head in the shells and kisses Coral’s hands to symbolise the resolution of conflict. Therefore, discoveries and discovering can offer new understandings of renewed perceptions of ourselves and others as shown evidently within Away by Michael Gow. Gow has demonstrated a use of concepts within the play which reflect a theme of discovery as they can offer new understandings of ourselves and others, leading to renewed values and ideas and future possibilities. This is shown within the relationships between characters throughout the play, including Roy and Coral who find reconciliation portrayed in the hat of shells, Harry and Vic who discover and accept the inevitable death of their son and Gwen who, within herself, rediscovers happiness which allows a new perception of her relationship with her family and others.

Free or Low-Cost Downloads essays

Free or Low-Cost Downloads essays There is a resource of utilities and add on elements available on the internet that would complement almost any computer users day to day practices but most users are not aware of the availability or benefits of these wonderful little elements. These downloads are Freeware Applications and Shareware Applications. Freeware is software, available for download, which is given away by the author. Although it is available for free, the author retains the copyright to prevent downloaders from reproducing it and selling it. Shareware is usually offered for a small fee. Once purchased you are registered with the producer and provided service assistance and updates. Both shareware and freeware depend on a user honor code to not resell the product or copy and distribute the applications that do require a small fee. Freeware and Shareware are able to cost next to nothing if they cost anything at all because they are offered directly to customers and do not carry along packaging or advertising c osts with them. These applications cover a broad spectrum of uses. Some are helpful with office type applications, some provided additional security to your systems, and some help with organizing important work files to MP3s files. The different types of downloadable wares are numerous and available from a number of locations. In this report I will describe some of the more popular applications, where you can get Freeware and Shareware, and also cover some of the hazards of downloading and running applications and ways to protect you from these unwelcome attributes. As wide a variety of shareware and freeware titles there are there are also as many places to find these digital gems. If you are looking for some free utilities or plug-ins to compliment some software titles you already have there are often additional utilities and upgrades available on the manufacturers website. There are also websites whose specific purpose is to showcase and dist...

The revolutionary war and its famous writers that effected it. Authors such as thomas paine, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry.

The revolutionary war and its famous writers that effected it. Authors such as thomas paine, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry. The Revolutionary War created the pathway to what we are now. We became independent and it gave us freedom from Britain's King. The war led us to the new life we wanted without control of outside countries. But without the encouragement of writers to help us in our time of need, things still would not have been that easy. Some of the great writers that influenced others to make history happen would be Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and Patrick Henry. These men wrote articles that encouraged others to stand up for what they believed in, and they wrote remarkable speeches that helped us become who we are. They had the courage to write their thoughts into writing that inspired many to fight for what they believed in. Without the help of literature within the period of our time, maybe things would've gone differently.The winter of 1776 was a dreadful time for George Washington and his troops.English: This is a high-resolution image of the Un...They had little food, inadequate shelter, a nd many were deserting (Berstein 161). Into this horrible situation came Thomas Paine. In England, he had moved, without success, through several occupations. He then began to write essays supporting America's fight for independence, shortly after his arrival in 1774. In December of 1776, he started to write a series of articles entitled The Crisis. His words inspired many soldiers to enlist in the army and encouraged them to continue fighting. After the publication of his articles, the first anti-slavery movement, The American Antislavery Society, was found (Katz 1). His beliefs of universal order, in human perfectibility, and in the power of reason, guided him throughout his life to express himself and persuade others to fight for what they believed in. Yet Paine, a fuzzy historical figure of the 1700s, is remembered mostly for one or two...

BBA - Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

BBA - Project - Research Paper Example The data obtained from such survey was to supplement primary research for the study. About 30 respondents were chosen at random in the area and were asked to fill up a structured questionnaire which was designed by the researcher. The questionnaire had about 20 questions and was a good mix of nominal, ordinal, interval and ration level measurement questions. Additionally, the questionnaire also had one open ended questions for participants to express their views freely. The close ended questions included a few demographic questions had multiple options to make it easy for the respondents to make their best choices. The data obtained from such a survey were quantified and made appropriate for the use of analysis using SPSS tool and to facilitate analysis on Microsoft Excel. The research also made use of secondary data to supplement and provide strength to the results obtained through the primary research. The data of sales for a sports shoe store and a sports equipment store in the area were obtained from the stores and also through local newspaper for the past five years. Such information was used to analyse the sales trend and thereby estimate the feasibility of establishing a store here. Once the data was obtained, the researcher used various statistical tools like Mean Median, Chi Square tests, ANOVA, histograms and such tools for getting various results and interpretations to answer the key research questions. The results obtained were analysed and interpreted to answer the key research question of the feasibility of the sportswear store and the kind of designs that should be kept in store to cater to local demand conditions. From the analysis, the results concluded that opening of a JD store was a feasible idea where people showed keen interest in buying sportswear and the local conditions would fetch high demand from Football and Tennis lovers and also keen interest was shown for regular workout sportswear

Supply Chain Information Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain Information Management - Assignment Example This paper evaluates the Amazon’s distribution channel and its evolution. Amazon started in 1994 as a book store that was launched by Jeff Bezos and it took its shape of the Amazon.com since then. Notably, Amazon was initiated on a value proposition anchored on four dimensions. The four dimensions helped Jeff Bezos to focus on service to the customer, the price, selection and the convenience of the products and services it would offer online. The Amazon online inventory consisted of many items and this offered the customers a wide range of choices as compared to any physical store. Moreover, the website was constructed such that it kept the download period very low while offering platforms for reviews that were later used for its improvement. Originally, the online store was constructed such that customers for books would be satisfied by being supplied from the warehouse of Amazon while it enjoyed its benefit of time and cost efficiencies. As such, the Amazon built several ten warehouses that were situated in ten states with least or no tax for sales (Jansen, Bernard, Amanda & Isak 2009). Amazon would then order books from the warehouses after customers had agreed to pay for them and hence low return costs. After a period of time, the Amazon warehouses were increased worldwide and also the number of products stored in the warehouses increased. The products in the warehouse were well kept and computerized so that the number lines of a product in the warehouse matched those of the product stocked online. When a customer ordered a product, for example, a book, automatically the order mentioned the title of the product and then a barcode. As a result of this process, computers would then signal the workers that a particular product was not supposed to be on the shelf and then they would verify the order and pick it for parceling. Currently, the distribution channel